Websites. NVU, php, mysql, email ...
Posted on June 14th, 2009 by Technology Department
Using the world wide world- Surfing on the internet
The WWW is enormous — so you need to know how to navigate your way around, which mean knowing how web site addresses are structured and how to locate them.
Find Pages using Search Engines and portals
Search engines are web sites that help you search for other web sites. 1) The basic type of search is a keyword search — you type in a keyword and the search engine lists a load of websites containing that keyword. Or you can do a complex search using more than one keyword and linking them together with AND and OR.
Use "word" if you want to search for exact string. For example, it is not the same a searching -> Bilingual section Technology that "Bilingual section Technology "
2) Portals are web sites offering lots of different services — like search engines, e-mail. on- line shopping and so on. Originally, portals were dedicated t a particular theme (e.g. technology, so all links were too sites about technology) but they’re usually more general nowadays.
Well, if you Know the Url, just Type it in the bar browser
Example
http://www.petervaldivia.com/technology/plastics/index.php
http: This stands for hypertext transfer protocol, which is the language the Web uses. You don’t have to type it usually, as most web browsers add it automatically. www: This means that it’s a web site. petervaldivia: This is the domain name — it’s usually the name, nickname, initials etc of the company, organisation, government department or whatever. .com: This is the the domain type — ‘com’ means the web site is run by or for a company. technology/plastics This is the path where the information is located
index.php: This tell the computer exactly page within the petervaldivia.com web site you’re after.
| Common country codes | Main domain types | |
| es -
Spain uk — United Kingdom le — Ireland fr —France de — Germany pt — Portugal us -USA |
com - business gov - government ac - unversity/academic edu - school net - general, often business org - other organisation e.g charities |
Navigation and Downloading
You can also find pages using hyperlinks and favourites/bookmarks. But even when you find a good page, it can take an eternity to download anything — which is where file compression comes in.
You can follow Hyperlinks.. Hyperlinks are the bits on a web page that you can click on to go somewhere else.
The pointer changes to a hand when you hover over a hyperlink. 1) Hyperlinks connect the different parts of the Web. 2) To the computer, they’re an instruction to open a specified file, which is located along a particular path — to me, I click on a hyperlink and that’s where I go next. 3) You can create them in other programs too, to !ink documents together, e.g. between two word-processed documents on an office network, or from a spreadsheet to a web site.
Use your Web Browser
These are standard features of web browsers to help your Internet navigation:
BOOKMARKS
Browsers can save URIs you use often, so you don’t have fo type them — a feature called ‘bookmarks’ or ‘favourites’.
If you want, you cant save ‘bookmarks’ in groups, which makes it easier to fund the one you want — e.g. you might want to put all your favourite digital newspapers web sites together.
HISTORY
Browsers usually keep a list of all the web sites you’ve visited — this is called the history. If you want to revisit a web site, you can get the URL from the history list.
BACK and FORWARD buttons
If you’ve followed a series of hyperlinks but want to go back to a page you saw earlier, then the browser can ‘refrace its steps’, and go back one page at a time. And once you’ve gone backwards like this, you can also go forwards again.
We page Design
Well-Designed Web Sites follow Five Golden Rules:
Web sites need to follow the same design rules as any document you want other people to read — but when you’re making a web page you need to think about hyperlinks and download time as well. 1) Remember the needs of the intended audience — if possible test the design on the target users. 2) Keep backgrounds simple, and choose text formats that will contract with it. This makes the pages easier to read on the screen, and on paper as well. 3) Keep the overall design simple — and use a similar layout on ah the pages, so it’s easier to navigate through the site. 4) Keep graphics to a minimum — they increase the file size and make download time longer. Loads of people don’t wait more than seven seconds for a page to download — they just find another web site. 5) Keep the number of hyperlinks needed to reach anywhere to a minimum. Ideally, it shouldn’t take someone more than four links to get to anywhere on your web site.
Web pages are Written in HTML
1) Web pages are written in a language called HTML (hypertext mark-up language). Most word-processing and can convert documents info HTML format. 2) You can also get web-design programs that let you create a web page and save it as an HTML file, for example nvu or Medellin ( linex version ) .
Web sites can contain Forms and Web-bots
As well as hyperlinks, text and images, there are two other features you need to know about.
Forms: are places where the user can input information. If you book a plane ticket on the Web for example, there’ll be a place for you to input your destination and date of travel. WEB-BOT: are programs that retrieve data from other locations on the Internet, such as search engines and counters.
COUNTERS: show how many visits (or hits) the site has received. They avoid counting people twice by searching for the cookie that was placed on someone’s computer when they first visited the site. If the web-bot finds the cookie, that person’s already been counted.
Fíve Steps to Sendíng an E-Mail
Electronic mail (e-mail) is a way of sending messages (and documents) from one computer to another. The messages are often text-based, and are usually sent via a PC connected to the Internet. But you can also use a WAP mobile phone or a digital television.
the normal way to use email is the web-based e-mail, which means you don’t have to be connected to a particular ISP. You get an e-mail address by registering at a web site. Then you can e-mail from any on-line computer in the world - ideal if you’re planning a round-the-world trip. Take Care Opening Attachments
1) As well as text, it’s also possible to send other files via e-mail — these are called attachments. For example, you could e-mail a picture or a music file to a friend. 2) Unless you’re expecting to receive an attachment, treat any you receive with suspicion — ¡t's easy to get a virus from an infected attachment.
3) It’s possible to view an attachment without fully downloading it, or you can use virus-checking software to scan if before downloading. Both help to reduce the risk of getting a virus.
The golden rule is Never open an attachment unless you trust its source
E-mail has Benefits and Problems
E-mail PROS
1) It's quick - e-mail take seconds to send, compared to days for a letter. 2) It’s cheap — e-mails are cheaper than posting or faxing, especially for large documents. 3) The same message can easily be sent to loads of different people — and if you group addresses, sending a message to lots of people is easy as sending it to one person. E-mail CONS 1) The sender and receiver both need internet access and e-mail accounts. 2) The hardware and software needed expensive if you just need e-mail. 3) Get a single letter of an e-mail address wrong, and the message won't be delivered. 4) The message will sit in the recipient’s mailbox until they next look at their e-mail account
Web-bots : programs/applets used on the Internet which perform a repetitive function, such as searching information on the internet.
Cookies: These are just what Americans call biscuits. (They’re also small text files placed onto a computer by a web page. They're mostly harmless but if you want, it’s possible to stop your computer accepting them.)
